چالش‌های ‌راه‌حل گزینی در سیاست‌گذاری ‌محیط‌زیست ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیط زیست، حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر، تهران، ایران

3 استاد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

با وجود قدمت تدوین قوانین محیط‌زیستی در ایران وضعیت محیط‌زیست بر اساس اهداف چشم‌انداز و سیاست‌های کلی محیط‌زیست به گواهی شاخص‌های معتبر بین‌المللی مطلوب نیست. این مقاله دو هدف اصلی را دنبال نموده است که یک بیانگر مهمترین چالش‌های سیاست‌گذاری محیط‌زیست در ایران در مرحله ‌ارایه ‌راه‌حل است و دوم این که اولویت‌بندی چالش‌ها را شامل می‌شود. جهت دسترسی به هدف اول افراد با نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی از مدیران ارشد و میانی حوزه محیط‌زیست کشور در قوای سه‌گانه و نیز اساتید دانشگاه و دانشجویان دوره دکتری سیاست‌گذاری (علوم سیاسی) و گرایش‌های مختلف محیط‌زیست و مدیریت انتخاب شدند و با استفاده از پرسشنامه باز‌ پاسخ مورد سوال قرارگرفتند که در نهایت 6 چالش عمده سیاست‌گذاری مشخص شد، در فاز دوم از آنجا که هدف محدود نمودن موضوعات بود، داده‌ها بر حسب فراوانی به صورت نزولی مرتب و گویه‌هایی  که مورد وفاق حداقل 50 درصد پرسش‌شوندگان بودند تفکیک شدند. در مرحله بعد داده‌های پرتکرار در قالب پرسش‌نامه بسته تنظیم و به منظور اطمینان از روایی مورد مصاحبه 5 نفر متخصص واقع شد و با ضریب اعتماد (آلفای کرونباخ ) 9/0 مورد تایید قرار گرفت در نهایت پرسش‌نامه نهایی در اختیار 400 نفر از صاحب‌نظران قرار گرفت تا گرایش خود را انتخاب نمایند طبق نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل کمی چالش «در سطح ملی و محلی، گروه‌های خاص اقتصادی و سیاسی در ‌ارایه راه‌حل‌های ‌محیط‌زیستی اعمال نفوذ زیادی دارند» با رتبه 31/5 از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به بقیه برخوردار بود که این خود قابل بحث می‌باشد‌.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of Policy Making Iran Environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyed mohammad mojabi 1
  • sadegh zibakalam 2
  • Reza Maknoon 3
1 PhD Student in Environmental Management, Environmental Law, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Profe, Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Profe. of Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Despite the antiquity of drafting environmental laws in Iran, the environmental situation is not favorable based on the goals of the vision and general environmental policies, as evidenced by valid international indicators. This article has pursued two main goals, one of which is to express the most important challenges of environmental policy in Iran in the solution phase and the second is to prioritize the challenges to achieve the first goal by sampling snowballs from senior and middle managers in the field of environment. The three forces, as well as university professors and PhD students in policy (political science) and various fields of environment and management, were selected and questioned using a questionnaire. Finally, 6 major policy challenges were identified, in the second phase since the goal The data were limited in order, the data were arranged in descending order in terms of frequency and items that were agreed upon by at least 50% of the respondents. And with a confidence coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.9 was confirmed. Finally, the final questionnaire was given to 400 experts to choose their orientation. "Special economic and political factors have a lot of influence in providing environmental solutions." With a rating of 5.31, it was more important than the others, which is debatable.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental policy
  • Environmental law
  • Environmental planning
  • Exploratory research project
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